Variants : Nucleocapsid
Total row(s): 5
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Original Article
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Novel variant 20E (EU1) was characterized by a spike mutation (A222V) as well as amino acid substitutions in the nucleocapsid protein. However, the mutations did not confer any transmission advantage on the variant. Cluster 20E (EU1) consisting of B.1.177 lineage was designated when a cluster of sequences in Clade 20A showed an additional mutation in spike (S:A222V).
✍
 		Pre-print ( medRXiv )
Date of Publishing 2021 Mar 24
Title Emergence and spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 2

Novel variant 20A.EU2 was characterized by amino acid substitutions in the spike region (S447N) and nucleocapsid protein. This variant was predominant in France, Belgium, and Switzerland. Multiple variants with this S447N mutation might have emerged due to selective pressure by the host immune response.
✍
 		Pre-print ( medRXiv )
Date of Publishing 2021 Mar 24
Title Emergence and spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 2

A serology assay (MSD platform) showed that there was an increase in certain binding antibodies (Anti-spike and Anti-RBD) post vaccination, compared to pre-vaccination samples. However, there was a slight decline in anti-nucleocapsid antibodies after vaccination. The antigens used in the MSD assay were SARS-CoV-2 N, SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD, SARS-CoV-2 Spike against the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1, SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1), SARS-CoV-2 Spike (D614G), SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351), SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7).
✍
 		Pre-print (medRXiv)
Date of Publishing 2021 Oct 30
Title Vaccination of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors Increases Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 8

The study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant genomes discovered in India by April 2021 fall into four distinct groups (Delta 1,2 3 and 4), each with its own set of characteristic spike, nucleocapsid and NSP3 changes. Delta subvariant Delta 1 was estimated to be the major pandemic driver in UK, Europe and Spain as well.
✍
 		Pre-print (medRXiv)
Date of Publishing 2021 Oct 20
Title SARS-COV-2 variant drives the pandemic in India and Europe via two subvariants
Date of Entry 2021 Nov 2

Mutational analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome was carried out for better understanding of the epidemiology, transmission, and implications of mutations in the African population. ORF1ab polyprotein, spike glycoprotein, ORF3, ORF8, and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein have all been identified as mutational hotspots in the African population and may be of particular significance in SARS-adaptability CoV-2's to the human host. 1. Synonymous mutations that do not change amino acid residues were not accounted for in the current study. 2. Furthermore, because this genomic dataset only contains data from a single country in each of Central Africa and South Africa, some genomic diversity may go undetected.
✍
 		Pre-print (bioRXiv)
Date of Publishing 2020 Sep 07
Title Mutational Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genome in African Population
Date of Entry 2021 Nov 2


Sequence : Nucleocapsid
Total row(s): 17
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Original Article
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62 mutations identified, including 30 mis-sense mutations, in 22 Moroccan patient isolates showed that Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L mutations were present in all the analyzed sequences, whereas N_G204R and N_R203K were present in 9 sequences. Link to Clock Diagram depicting Mutation Evolution Rate in Morrocan Isolates,
✍
 		33558859
(Biosaf Health)
PMID
33558859
Date of Publishing: 2021 Feb 3
Title Genetic diversity and genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Morocco
Author(s) nameBadaoui B, Sadki K et al.
Journal Biosaf Health
Impact factor
- n/a -
Citation count: 7

Primer and probe sequence specific for N1 gene(Nucleocapsid) of SARS-CoV-2 used in RT-qPCR assay. Usage: 400nM of primers and 100nM of probes, Agilent qRT-PCR Brilliant II Probe Master Mix was used.
✍
 		33338082
(PLoS One)
PMID
33338082
Date of Publishing: 2020
Title A simplified SARS-CoV-2 detection protocol for research laboratories
Author(s) namePaz S, Mauer C et al.
Journal PLoS One
Impact factor
2.87
Citation count: 6

Primer and probe sequence specific for N2 gene (Nucleocapsid gene) of SARS-CoV-2 used in RT-qPCR assay. Usage: 400nM of primers and 100nM of probes, Agilent qRT-PCR Brilliant II Probe Master Mix was used.
✍
 		33338082
(PLoS One)
PMID
33338082
Date of Publishing: 2020
Title A simplified SARS-CoV-2 detection protocol for research laboratories
Author(s) namePaz S, Mauer C et al.
Journal PLoS One
Impact factor
2.87
Citation count: 6

The mutation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 13 different countries revealed the country-specific amino acid variations in the nucleocapsid protein. Variations in sequences were observed when 13 SARS-CoV-2 isolates were compared to SARS-CoV sequence: Table S1: (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7470274/#pone.0238344.s001)
✍
 		32881907
(PLoS One)
PMID
32881907
Date of Publishing: 2020
Title Comparative genome analysis of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from different geographical locations and the effect of mutations on major target proteins: An in silico insight
Author(s) nameKhan MI, Khan ZA et al.
Journal PLoS One
Impact factor
2.87
Citation count: 39

The second set of primer and probe sequences (YCH-N2) based on the Nucleocapsid gene developed by YCH (Yamanashi Central Hospital), used in real-time RT-PCR assay. The assay uses double-quencher probe
✍
 		32650037
(J Virol Methods)
PMID
32650037
Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct
Title Double-quencher probes improve detection sensitivity toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
Author(s) name Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Omata M.
Journal J Virol Methods
Impact factor
1.76
Citation count: 29

The first set of primer and probe sequences (YCH-N1) based on the Nucleocapsid gene developed by YCH (Yamanashi Central Hospital), used in real-time RT-PCR assay. The expected amplicon size is 158 bp. The assay uses double-quencher probe
✍
 		32650037
(J Virol Methods)
PMID
32650037
Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct
Title Double-quencher probes improve detection sensitivity toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
Author(s) name Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Omata M.
Journal J Virol Methods
Impact factor
1.76
Citation count: 29

The second set of primer and probe sequences (NIID-N2) based on the Nucleocapsid gene developed by NIID, used in real-time RT-PCR assay. The assay uses single-quencher probe
✍
 		32650037
(J Virol Methods)
PMID
32650037
Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct
Title Double-quencher probes improve detection sensitivity toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
Author(s) name Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Omata M.
Journal J Virol Methods
Impact factor
1.76
Citation count: 29

The first set of primer and probe sequences (NIID-N1) based on the Nucleocapsid gene developed by NIID, used in real-time RT-PCR assay. The expected amplicon size is 128 bp. The assay uses single-quencher probe
✍
 		32650037
(J Virol Methods)
PMID
32650037
Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct
Title Double-quencher probes improve detection sensitivity toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
Author(s) name Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Omata M.
Journal J Virol Methods
Impact factor
1.76
Citation count: 29

The third set of primer and probe sequences (CDC-N3) based on the Nucleocapsid gene developed by CDC, used in real-time RT-PCR assay. The expected amplicon size is 72 bp. The assay uses single-quencher probe
✍
 		32650037
(J Virol Methods)
PMID
32650037
Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct
Title Double-quencher probes improve detection sensitivity toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
Author(s) name Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Omata M.
Journal J Virol Methods
Impact factor
1.76
Citation count: 29

The second set of primer and probe sequences (CDC-N2) based on the Nucleocapsid gene developed by CDC, used in real-time RT-PCR assay. The expected amplicon size is 67 bp. The assay uses single-quencher probe
✍
 		32650037
(J Virol Methods)
PMID
32650037
Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct
Title Double-quencher probes improve detection sensitivity toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
Author(s) name Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Omata M.
Journal J Virol Methods
Impact factor
1.76
Citation count: 29

The first set of primer and probe sequences (CDC-N1) based on the Nucleocapsid gene developed by CDC, used in real-time RT-PCR assay. The expected amplicon size is 72 bp. The assay uses single-quencher probe
✍
 		32650037
(J Virol Methods)
PMID
32650037
Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct
Title Double-quencher probes improve detection sensitivity toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
Author(s) name Hirotsu Y, Mochizuki H, Omata M.
Journal J Virol Methods
Impact factor
1.76
Citation count: 29

Primer and probe sequences, developed by US CDC RT-qPCR panel, specific for detecting Nucleocapsid gene of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and other Sarbecoviruses.
✍
 		32396505
(Emerg Infect Dis)
PMID
32396505
Date of Publishing: 2020 Aug
Title US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3
Author(s) nameLu X, Wang L et al.
Journal Emerg Infect Dis
Impact factor
6.81
Citation count: 205

Primer and probe sequences, developed by US CDC RT-qPCR panel, specific for detecting N2 site (Nucleocapsid gene) of SARS-CoV-2.
✍
 		32396505
(Emerg Infect Dis)
PMID
32396505
Date of Publishing: 2020 Aug
Title US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3
Author(s) nameLu X, Wang L et al.
Journal Emerg Infect Dis
Impact factor
6.81
Citation count: 205

Primer and probe sequences, developed by US CDC RT-qPCR panel, specific for detecting N1 site (Nucleocapsid gene) of SARS-CoV-2. Amplicon size: 73bp
✍
 		32396505
(Emerg Infect Dis)
PMID
32396505
Date of Publishing: 2020 Aug
Title US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3
Author(s) nameLu X, Wang L et al.
Journal Emerg Infect Dis
Impact factor
6.81
Citation count: 205

N protein-encoding region of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoV-OC43 have 89.74%, 48.59%, 35.62%, sequence identity respectively. None
✍
 		32363136
(Acta Pharm Sin B)
PMID
32363136
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul
Title Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites
Author(s) nameKang S, Yang M et al.
Journal Acta Pharm Sin B
Impact factor
6.15
Citation count: 271

Primer probe sequence for Nucleocapsid protein (Set No. 2) used in real-time RT-PCR The concentration of forward primer is 500nM, reverse primer is 700nM, and probe is 200nM.
✍
 		32074516
(Jpn J Infect Dis)
PMID
32074516
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul 22
Title Development of genetic diagnostoc methods for detection for Novel Coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019) in Japan
Author(s) nameShirato K, Nao N et al.
Journal Jpn J Infect Dis
Impact factor
1.11
Citation count: 207

Primer probe sequence for Nucleocapsid protein (Set No.1) used in real-time RT-PCR The concentration of forward primer is 600nM, reverse primer is 800nM, and probe is 200nM.
✍
 		32074516
(Jpn J Infect Dis)
PMID
32074516
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul 22
Title Development of genetic diagnostoc methods for detection for Novel Coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019) in Japan
Author(s) nameShirato K, Nao N et al.
Journal Jpn J Infect Dis
Impact factor
1.11
Citation count: 207


Structure : Nucleocapsid
Total row(s): 4
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Original Article
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The crystal structure of SARS-CoV2 CTD reveals its role in viral RNA binding and its interaction with transcriptional regulatory sequences. 5 unpaired adeno dinucleotide in the stem-loop region of TRS-L is a key factor involved in the binding of nucleocapsid protein It is reported that in SARS-CoV, the N-NTD, N-CTD, and C-IDR domains are to bind the viral RNA. Even so, the roles of them in RNA binding is yet to be determined.
✍
 		33511102
(Front Chem)
PMID
33511102
Date of Publishing: 2020
Title Structural Insight Into the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein C-Terminal Domain Reveals a Novel Recognition Mechanism for Viral Transcriptional Regulatory Sequences
Author(s) nameYang M, He S et al.
Journal Front Chem
Impact factor
3.42
Citation count: 20
Date of Entry 2021 Oct 27

SARS-CoV-2 N-NTD structure at 2.7 Å resolution is rich in aromatic and basic residues. It folds into a right-hand shape, resembling a protruded basic finger, a basic palm and an acidic wrist. The structure helps to understand the ribonucleotide-binding mechanisms and also helps to the design of novel antiviral agents specific targeting to SARS-CoV-2.
✍
 		32363136
(Acta Pharm Sin B)
PMID
32363136
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul
Title Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites
Author(s) nameKang S, Yang M et al.
Journal Acta Pharm Sin B
Impact factor
6.15
Citation count: 271

A unique drug targeting pocket of 279 ų volume is predicted on the SARS-CoV-2 N-NTD. It has a druggability score between 0 and 1. SARS-CoV N-NTD and MERS-CoV N-NTD pocket volumes similar to SARS-CoV-2N-NTD but HCoV-OC43 has a larger pocket with a volume of 352 3Å ³.
✍
 		32363136
(Acta Pharm Sin B)
PMID
32363136
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul
Title Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites
Author(s) nameKang S, Yang M et al.
Journal Acta Pharm Sin B
Impact factor
6.15
Citation count: 271
Date of Entry 2021 Nov 8

Structural characterization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein N-terminal RNA binding domain, comparison of SARS-CoV-2 N-NTD with related viral N-NTD structures and identifying a potential unique drug target pocket in SARS-CoV-2 N-NTD The structure helps to understand the ribonucleotide-binding mechanisms and also helps to the design of novel antiviral agents specific targeting to SARS-CoV-2.
✍
Title Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites


Drugs : Nucleocapsid
Total row(s): 4
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Original Article
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Different potential repurposed drugs, including hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, Lopinavir and Affatinib..etc, i.e total 131 drugs were screened in the present study. Molecular docking of these drugs with different SARS-CoV-2 target proteins, including main protease of the virus MPro, Papain-like Protease from SARS-COV-2PLPro, N-terminal RNA binding domain of Nucleocapsid protein of SARS-COV-2 and RNA dependent RNA Polymerase from SARS-COV-2 was performed. Molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA calculation were also conducted. This study showed that among tested drugs in the present in silico study, Afatinib has the highest binding potential to the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, which is higher than HCQ and remdesivir, respectively.
✍
 		34032180
(J Biomol Struct Dyn)
PMID
34032180
Date of Publishing: 2021 May 25
Title Virtual screening of quinoline derived library for SARS-COV-2 targeting viral entry and replication
Author(s) nameAnju A, Chaturvedi S et al.
Journal J Biomol Struct Dyn
Impact factor
3.22
Citation count: 1
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 5

Type I PRMT inhibitor (MS023) inhibits interaction of N protein with the 5-UTR of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA, a property required for viral packaging. PRMT inhibitors, cancer drug canditates, have found to methylate arginine in the N protein, thereby regulating the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle.
✍
 		34029587
(J Biol Chem)
PMID
34029587
Date of Publishing: 2021 May 23
Title Arginine methylation of SARS-Cov-2 nucleocapsid protein regulates RNA binding, its ability to suppress stress granule formation, and viral replication
Author(s) nameCai T, Yu Z et al.
Journal J Biol Chem
Impact factor
3.96
Citation count: 11
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 28

The study analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of N protein sequence divergence with other 49 coronavirus species and also identified the conserved regions according to protein families through conserved domain search. The analyzed compounds presented the higher numbers of hydrogen bonds of selected chemicals supporting the drug-ability of these compounds. Among them, the established antiviral drug glycyrrhizic acid and the phytochemical theaflavin can be considered as possible drug compounds against target N protein of SARS-CoV-2 as they showed lower binding affinities.
✍
 		33412759
(Genomics Inform)
PMID
33412759
Date of Publishing: 2020 Dec
Title Druggability for COVID-19: in silico discovery of potential drug compounds against nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2
Author(s) name Ray M, Sarkar S, Rath SN.
Journal Genomics Inform
Citation count 5
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 5

This study addresses the potential to repurpose antiviral compounds approved or in development for treating human CoV induced infections against SARSCoV2 N. The results of this analysis indicate that rapamycin, saracatinib, camostat, trametinib, and nafamostat were the top hit compounds. These results suggest that these residues are potential drug targeting sites for the SARSCoV2 N protein.
✍
 		33314794
(Biotechnol Prog)
PMID
33314794
Date of Publishing: 2020 Dec 11
Title Computational drug repurposing study of the RNA binding domain of SARSCoV2 nucleocapsid protein with antiviral agents
Author(s) name Tatar G, Ozyurt E, Turhan K.
Journal Biotechnol Prog
Impact factor
2.51
Citation count: 7
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 5


Diagnostics : Nucleocapsid
Total row(s): 7
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Original Article
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Detection of SARS CoV-2 IgM, and IgA antibodies from Sera samples using Luminex bead-based assay by targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens. The neutralizing and binding IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody levels were higher for severe than mild cases in the early convalescent phase (<6 weeks). 1/300 serum dilution showed the best signal to noise ratio for IgG and IgM and 1/150 for IgA
✍
 		33227340
(J Virol Methods)
PMID
33227340
Date of Publishing: 2021 Feb
Title Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins as targets for antibody detection in severe and mild COVID-19 cases using a Luminex bead-based assay
Author(s) nameMariën J, Ceulemans A et al.
Journal J Virol Methods
Impact factor
1.76
Citation count: 41

In this study, a nucleocapsid protein antigen test, based on fluorescence immunochromatographic (FIC) assay, was evaluated for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein antigen. With RT-PCR assay as the reference standard, this assay detected SARS-CoV-2 infection in 10 minutes, with the sensitivity, specificity, and percentage agreement of 75.6%, 100%, and 80.5%, respectively. A few limitations of the test were as follows :
(i) Small sample size
(ii) Insufficient patient medical information
(iii) Only symptomatic individuals were included
✍
 		33031947
(Clin Microbiol Infect)
PMID
33031947
Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct 5
Title Accuracy of a nucleocapsid protein antigen rapid test in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Author(s) nameDiao B, Wen K et al.
Journal Clin Microbiol Infect
Impact factor
6.17
Citation count: 67

Reporting DIOS RT-qPCR assay, which targets two regions of nucleocapsid genes (N1, N2) to detect SARS-CoV-2. Ct value of <40, was indicative of a SARS-CoV-2-positive sample. The pre-treatment of the swab sample by heat inactivation (75 degree Celsius for 10 min) was also tested. No significant changes in heat inactivation were observed. Comparative analysis of swab samples by DIOS-RT-qPCR (directly from a swab) and an IVD CE-certified RT-qPCR kit (using extracted RNA) was performed, 98% concordance results were observed.
✍
 		32824767
(Diagnostics (Basel))
PMID
32824767
Date of Publishing: 2020 Aug 18
Title Direct-RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 without RNA extraction as part of a Covid-19 testing strategy: From sample to result in one hour
Author(s) name Kriegova E, Fillerova R, Kvapil P.
Journal Diagnostics (Basel)
Impact factor
2.36
Citation count: 18

A chemiluminescent assay that detects IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid gene with utmost specificity Hepatitis and autoimmune samples were the main sources of limited cross reactions
✍
 		32710669
(J Med Virol)
PMID
32710669
Date of Publishing: 2021 Feb
Title Validation and performance comparision of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays
Author(s) namePaiva KJ, Grisson RD et al.
Journal J Med Virol
Impact factor
2.07
Citation count: 21

Reporting diagnostic panel developed by US CDC consists of 3 real-time reverse transcription PCR assays specific for detecting the nucleocapsid gene of SARS-COV-2. N1 and N2 assays specifically detect SARS-CoV-2 while N3 assay detects all viruses within the subgenus Sarbecovirus
✍
 		32396505
(Emerg Infect Dis)
PMID
32396505
Date of Publishing: 2020 Aug
Title US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Author(s) nameLu X, Wang L et al.
Journal Emerg Infect Dis
Impact factor
6.81
Citation count: 205

In this study, a clinically useful timeline of two diagnostic tests, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is reported, by using data from several published reports for detection of COVID-19. The study revealed that the nucleocapsid and RBD-S antigens showed a high sensitivity for detecting the infection. The serological assay performed two weeks later of symptoms onset had more diagnostic accuracy. Cross reactivity of the antibodies might occur.
✍
 		32374370
(JAMA)
PMID
32374370
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jun 9
Title Interpreting diagnostic tests for SARS CoV-2
Author(s) name Sethuraman N, Jeremiah SS, Ryo A.
Journal JAMA
Impact factor
14.78
Citation count: 649

The implementation of real-time RT-PCR for the detection of COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid gene set 1 and 2.
✍
 		32074516
(Jpn J Infect Dis)
PMID
32074516
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul 22
Title Development of genetic diagnostic methods for detection for Novel Coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019) in Japan
Author(s) nameShirato K, Nao N et al.
Journal Jpn J Infect Dis
Impact factor
1.11
Citation count: 207


Molecular_interactions : Nucleocapsid
Total row(s): 2
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Original Article
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Host protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) methylates SARS-CoV-2 N protein at residues R95 and R177 within RGG/RG motifs.Type I PRMT inhibitor (MS023) or substitution of R95 or R177 with lysine inhibits interaction of N protein with the 5-UTR of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA, a property required for viral packaging. Type I PRMT inhibitors (MS023), cancer drug canditates, have found to reduce SARS-CoV-2 production by inhibiting the methylation of arginine in the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 and hence are promising antivirals.
✍
 		34029587
(J Biol Chem)
PMID
34029587
Date of Publishing: 2021 May 23
Title Arginine methylation of SARS-Cov-2 nucleocapsid protein regulates RNA binding, its ability to suppress stress granule formation, and viral replication
Author(s) nameCai T, Yu Z et al.
Journal J Biol Chem
Impact factor
3.96
Citation count: 11
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 28

The dissociation constants (KD) for RNA binding to wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 N-NTD is 140 mol/L, which is 2000-fold smaller than the value of Y110A mutant (KD = 330 mmol/L). WT SARS-CoV-2 N-NTD has a higher binding affinity to viral derived RNA than mutant in the binding pocket.
✍
 		32363136
(Acta Pharm Sin B)
PMID
32363136
Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul
Title Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites
Author(s) nameKang S, Yang M et al.
Journal Acta Pharm Sin B
Impact factor
6.15
Citation count: 271
Date of Entry 2021 Nov 8


Pathophysiology : Nucleocapsid
Total row(s): 1
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Original Article
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Acute kidney injury and/or heavy proteinuria was observed in COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms. The majority of these patients developed irreparable renal damage and required dialysis. Weeks after getting COVID-19, two of the three transplant recipients developed active antibody-mediated rejection. Since majority of the patients had mild symptoms, the kidney disease was managed with diuretics and blood pressure control. 7/12 patients showed improvement and 8 patients required dialysis.
✍
 		33045255
(Am J Kidney Dis)
PMID
33045255
Date of Publishing: 2021 Jan
Title Multicenter Clinicopathologic Correlation of Kidney Biopsies Performed in COVID-19 Patients Presenting With Acute Kidney Injury or Proteinuria
Author(s) nameAkilesh S, Nast CC et al.
Journal Am J Kidney Dis
Impact factor
5.59
Citation count: 58
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 29


Immunology : Nucleocapsid
Total row(s): 17
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Original Article
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The SARS-CoV-2 immune memory kinetics was assessed more than 6 months after infection. Spike protein-specific memory B cells were higher in number at 6 months than one month after infection. The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased with a half-life of 3-5 months. "1.) Circulating antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 over time: Figure 1 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919858/figure/F1/), 2.) Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 memory B cell responses: Figure 2(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919858/figure/F2/), 3.) SARS-CoV-2 circulating memory CD8+ T cells: Figure 3 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919858/figure/F3/), 4.) SARS-CoV-2 circulating memory CD4+ T cells: Figure 4 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919858/figure/F4/)"
✍
 		33408181
(Science)
PMID
33408181
Date of Publishing: 2021 Jan 6
Title Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection
Author(s) nameDan JM, Mateus J et al.
Journal Science
Impact factor
20.57
Citation count: 899
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 24

14 helper T cell epitopes located in spike glycoprotein, envelope protein, and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein were identified.
✍
 		33257716
(Sci Rep)
PMID
33257716
Date of Publishing: 2020 Nov 30
Title Immunoinformatic design of a COVID-19 subunit vaccine using entire structural immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2
Author(s) nameBehmard E, Soleymani B et al.
Journal Sci Rep
Impact factor
4.12
Citation count: 19

34 cytotoxic T cell epitopes located in spike glycoprotein, envelope protein, membrane protein, and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein were identified.
✍
 		33257716
(Sci Rep)
PMID
33257716
Date of Publishing: 2020 Nov 30
Title Immunoinformatic design of a COVID-19 subunit vaccine using entire structural immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2
Author(s) nameBehmard E, Soleymani B et al.
Journal Sci Rep
Impact factor
4.12
Citation count: 19

This study depicts distinct antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults. Anti-Spike (S) IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies, as well as anti-Nucleocapsid (N) IgG antibody were observed in adult COVID-19 patients, while children with and without multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) exhibited reduced breadth of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Children independent of whether they develop MIS-C, exhibit distinct infection course and immune response, with indications for developing age-targeted strategies for testing and safeguarding the population. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response generated in children is mainly anti-S IgG antibodies independent of clinical syndrome, whereas adults generate broader antibody responses to infection and exhibit high magnitude and breadth of the anti-S antibody response with more severe disease. The results exhibited quantitative and qualitative differences in the anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response across the spectrum of infection in children compared to adults.
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 		33154590
(Nat Immunol)
PMID
33154590
Date of Publishing: 2021 Jan
Title Distinct antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults across the COVID-19 clinical spectrum
Author(s) nameWeisberg SP, Connors TJ et al.
Journal Nat Immunol
Impact factor
18.5
Citation count: 185
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 15

The T cell response against a variety of structural and non-structural proteins revealed a coordinated and dynamic immune response. A broad range of SARS-CoV-2 proteome epitopes is recognized by the CD8+ T cell responses.
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 		33052343
(bioRxiv)
PMID
33052343
Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct 8
Title CD8+ T cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 individuals target epitopes from the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome and show kinetics of early differentiation
Author(s) nameKared H, Redd AD et al.
Journal bioRxiv
Impact factor
- n/a -
Citation count: 2

T cell responses towards spike, nucleocapsid and membrane proteins were compared in severe, moderate and critical COVID-19 patients. Membrane protein induced the highest number of CD4+ T cell responses. Critical COVID-19 patients had a strong T cell response that is comparable to, if not better than, non-critical patients. Critical patients had a strong SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response, which could play a role in immunopathogenesis, but disproves the idea that a weakened T cell response is the cause of life-threatening COVID-19.
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 		32904468
(Cell Rep Med)
PMID
32904468
Date of Publishing: 2020 Sep 22
Title Robust T Cell Response Toward Spike, Membrane, and Nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Is Not Associated with Recovery in Critical COVID-19 Patients
Author(s) nameThieme CJ, Anft M et al.
Journal Cell Rep Med
Impact factor
- n/a -
Citation count: 54
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 29

CD4+ T cell responses are induced against spike, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins. Individuals who died had a higher chance of not mounting a cellular response to the proteins. The membrane specific T cells were significantly less in ICU patients. In patients with active disease, PD-1 expression was higher in CoV-2-specific T cells than in convalescent patients with moderate disease.
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 		32833687
(J Clin Invest)
PMID
32833687
Date of Publishing: 2020 Dec 1
Title SARSCoV-2specific T cell responses and correlations with COVID-19 patient predisposition
Author(s) nameSattler A, Angermair S et al.
Journal J Clin Invest
Impact factor
10.51
Citation count: 84
Date of Entry 2021 Oct 31

Four linear B-cell epitopes on the S and N viral proteins were identified.
✍
 		32711254
(EBioMedicine)
PMID
32711254
Date of Publishing: 2020 Aug
Title Linear B-cell epitopes in the spike and nucleocapsid proteins as markers of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and disease severity
Author(s) nameAmrun SN, Lee CY et al.
Journal EBioMedicine
Impact factor
6.49
Citation count: 55

Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) was used to measure the IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NCP) and a lab-developed proteome array was used to detect IgM against NCP. There was no significant difference in the IgG antibody levels between the patients with mild/moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection and those with severe disease. Although the IgG assay had 100% specificity, antibody levels cannot be used to predict disease severity.
✍
 		32666092
(Am J Clin Pathol)
PMID
32666092
Date of Publishing: 2020 Sep 8
Title SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses Do Not Predict COVID-19 Disease Severity
Author(s) namePhipps WS, SoRelle JA et al.
Journal Am J Clin Pathol
Impact factor
2.03
Citation count: 38
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 4

The kinetics of nucleocapsid and spike specific IgM and IgG responses in ICU and non-ICU COVID-19 patients were studied.
✍
 		32357808
(Emerg Microbes Infect)
PMID
32357808
Date of Publishing: 2020 Dec
Title Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM and IgG responses in COVID-19 patients
Author(s) nameSun B, Feng Y et al.
Journal Emerg Microbes Infect
Impact factor
5.84
Citation count: 230

Seroconversion patterns of IgG and IgM antibodies(nucleocapsid (N) protein and spike (S) glycoprotein) in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 show that the seroconversion time of the IgG antibody was earlier than that of IgM antibody. The kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be helpful in epidemiologic surveys.
✍
 		32337590
(Clin Infect Dis)
PMID
32337590
Date of Publishing: 2020 Nov 19
Title Profile of Immunoglobulin G and IgM Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Author(s) nameQu J, Wu C et al.
Journal Clin Infect Dis
Impact factor
7.71
Citation count: 152

Two (conserved) epitopes from nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 were identified by in silico method.
✍
 		32302675
(Microbes Infect)
PMID
32302675
Date of Publishing: 2020 May-Jun
Title Comparative computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein epitopes in taxonomically related coronaviruses
Author(s) nameTilocca B, Soggiu A et al.
Journal Microbes Infect
Impact factor
2.373
Citation count: 63

Epitopes of bat RaTG13 coronavirus and SARS-CoV showed 100% sequence identity with SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, whereas some pangolin NC protein epitopes showed a lower identity percentage. Not all the investigated epitopes can be mapped in the tridimensional model of the NC protein
✍
 		32302675
(Microbes Infect)
PMID
32302675
Date of Publishing: 2020 May-Jun
Title Comparative computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein epitopes in taxonomically related coronaviruses
Author(s) nameTilocca B, Soggiu A et al.
Journal Microbes Infect
Impact factor
2.373
Citation count: 63

Three (conserved) epitopes from nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 were identified by In-silico method.
✍
 		32302675
(Microbes Infect)
PMID
32302675
Date of Publishing: 2020 May-Jun
Title Comparative computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein epitopes in taxonomically related coronaviruses
Author(s) nameTilocca B, Soggiu A et al.
Journal Microbes Infect
Impact factor
2.373
Citation count: 63

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